Educational models prioritizing intrinsic motivation are models that focus on increasing inherent satisfaction in learning an activity separate from any other results, e.g. enjoying the subject.

Educational models prioritizing extrinsic motivation are models that reward or punish students with the intent of having them behave and perform accordingly, e.g. grades and school punishments.

Centralized Government: One single authority at the top makes the rules for the entire country. This ensures that laws and services are the same for everyone, everywhere.

​Decentralized Government: Power is split up so that local communities make their own rules. This allows different areas to choose what works best for their specific situation.

The narrative of "individual environmental responsibility" suggests that individuals are the main actors responsible for environmental causes. It urges individuals to contribute by doing environmentally-friendly actions according to their own capacities; e.g. reducing energy usage, using electric vehicles, reducing meat consumption, etc.​

"Directed optimism" refers to external narratives—found in religion, folklore, and popular culture—which assert that an individual’s life arc is predestined to reach a "happy ending" or a positive resolution, regardless of their current hardships or the structural barriers they face.

A jury trial is decided by a group of ordinary citizens (the jury) who determine guilt/liability based on the evidence presented in court. A bench trial is decided by a judge alone, who determines guilt/liability based on the evidence presented in court.

There exists a button that, when pressed, makes every human’s IQ become 200. However, humans will experience no emotions whatsoever, including empathy, love or attachment, joy, anger, fear, sadness, disgust, pride, shame, jealousy, spite, hatred, guilt, regret, frustration, irritation, resentment, envy, contempt, grief and all other possible emotional states. Humans still have preferences, can plan and act, can understand what others believe and want, but cannot feel anything about it. This change is global and cannot be reversed, and every human onward will be born this way.